Risk Factors for Glaucoma: Who Should Get Tested and When?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. It’s often called the “silent thief of sight” because it typically progresses without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. Understanding the risk factors for glaucoma and knowing when to get tested is essential for protecting your eye health.
 

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve. However, some forms of glaucoma can develop even with normal eye pressure. The two main types of glaucoma are:

• Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common form, developing gradually as fluid drainage slows.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A less common, acute form caused by blocked drainage canals, often requiring immediate treatment.
   

Regular eye exams are the best way to detect glaucoma early and prevent its progression.
 

Who is at Risk for Glaucoma?

While anyone can develop glaucoma, certain factors increase your risk. It’s crucial to understand these risks so you can take proactive steps toward early detection and treatment.
 

Glaucoma risk increases significantly with age, particularly for individuals over 60. For African Americans, this risk begins to rise earlier, becoming more pronounced after age 40. Regular eye exams are especially important for these age groups to ensure early detection and management. 
 

A family history of glaucoma greatly increases the likelihood of developing the condition. Genetics play a crucial role, making it essential for individuals with affected relatives to stay vigilant with routine eye care.
 

Certain ethnic groups face a higher risk of developing glaucoma. African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians are more susceptible to different types of the disease. For instance, African Americans are more prone to open-angle glaucoma, while Asians have an elevated risk for angle-closure glaucoma. These demographic variations underscore the importance of targeted screenings and early interventions.
 

Underlying health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease are linked to an increased risk of glaucoma. Additionally, refractive errors like nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia) may contribute to the likelihood of developing the disease.
 

Trauma to the eye can lead to increased intraocular pressure or structural damage, both of which heighten the risk of glaucoma. Protecting your eyes from injury is a key preventive measure.
 

Additionally, extended use of corticosteroid medications, particularly in the form of eye drops, can elevate intraocular pressure and increase the risk of glaucoma. Monitoring and discussing medication use with your eye care provider is essential.
 

When Should You Get Tested for Glaucoma?

Given the often silent progression of glaucoma, regular testing is crucial for early detection and preserving your vision. At a minimum, adults should have a comprehensive eye exam annually, regardless of age, to monitor for changes in eye health that may signal the onset of glaucoma.

For individuals at higher risk—such as those with a family history of glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure, or certain medical conditions—it’s recommended to undergo testing even more frequently, as advised by your eye care professional. Regular check-ups are particularly vital for people over 40, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians, as these groups face a significantly higher risk of developing glaucoma earlier in life.
 

By making annual or more frequent glaucoma screenings a routine part of your healthcare, you can ensure that any early signs are detected promptly, allowing for timely intervention and effective management.
 

What Happens During a Glaucoma Test?

A comprehensive eye exam for glaucoma includes several tests to assess eye health and intraocular pressure, such as:

• Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.

• Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for signs of damage.

• Visual Field Test: Checks for vision loss.

• Pachymetry: Measures corneal thickness.

• Gonioscopy: Examines the drainage angle of the eye.
   

These tests are painless and can help your optometrist determine whether you are at risk for glaucoma or if treatment is needed.
 

Protect Your Vision with Texas State Optical New Braunfels

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to irreversible vision loss if left undetected. Understanding your risk factors and committing to regular screenings can make all the difference in preserving your eyesight. We’re here to provide comprehensive eye care tailored to your needs.
 

If you have any of the risk factors for glaucoma, schedule a comprehensive eye exam with Texas State Optical New Braunfels. Visit our office in New Braunfels, Texas, or call (830) 201-3237 to book an appointment today.